conftest.py - pytest fixtures for testing

To get started on running tests, see tests/README.rst

These fixtures start the web2py server then submit requests to it.

NOTE: Make sure you don’t have another server running, because it will grab the requests instead of letting the test server respond to requests.

The overall testing approach is functional: rather than test a function, this file primarily tests endpoints on the web server. To accomplish this:

  • This file includes the web2py_server fixture to start a web2py server, and a fixture (test_client) to make requests of it. To make debug easier, the test_client class saves the HTML of a failing test to a file, and also saves any web2py tracebacks in the HTML form to a file.

  • The runestone_db and related classes provide the ability to access the web2py database directory, in order to set up and tear down test. In order to leave the database unchanged after a test, almost all routines that modify the database are wrapped in a context manager; on exit, then delete any modifications.

Imports

These are listed in the order prescribed by PEP 8.

Standard library

import sys
import time
import subprocess
from io import open
import json
import os
import re
from threading import Thread
import datetime
from shutil import rmtree, copytree

Third-party imports

from gluon.contrib.webclient import WebClient
import gluon.shell
from html5validator.validator import Validator
import pytest
from pyvirtualdisplay import Display

Import a shared fixture.

from runestone.shared_conftest import _SeleniumUtils, selenium_driver  # noqa: F401
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from urllib.error import HTTPError, URLError
from urllib.request import urlopen

Required to allow use of this class on a module-scoped fixture.

from _pytest.monkeypatch import MonkeyPatch

Local imports

from .utils import COVER_DIRS, DictToObject
from .ci_utils import xqt, pushd

Set this to False if you want to turn off all web page validation.

W3_VALIDATE = True

Pytest setup

Add command-line options.

def pytest_addoption(parser):

Per the API reference, options are argparse style.

    parser.addoption(
        "--skipdbinit",
        action="store_true",
        help="Skip initialization of the test database.",
    )
    parser.addoption(
        "--skip_w3_validate",
        action="store_true",
        help="Skip W3C validation of web pages.",
    )

Output a coverage report when testing is done. See https://docs.pytest.org/en/latest/reference.html#_pytest.hookspec.pytest_terminal_summary.

def pytest_terminal_summary(terminalreporter):
    try:
        cp = xqt(
            "{} -m coverage report".format(sys.executable),

Capture the output from the report.

            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
            stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
            universal_newlines=True,
        )
    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e:
        res = "Error in coverage report.\n{}".format(e.stdout + e.stderr)
    else:
        res = cp.stdout + cp.stderr
    terminalreporter.write_line(res)

Utilities

A simple data-struct object.

class _object(object):
    pass

Create a web2py controller environment. This is taken from pieces of gluon.shell.run. It returns a dict containing the environment.

def web2py_controller_env(

application: The name of the application to run in, as a string.

    application,
):

    env = gluon.shell.env(application, import_models=True)
    env.update(gluon.shell.exec_pythonrc())
    return env

Fixtures

web2py access

These fixtures provide access to the web2py Runestone server and its environment.

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def web2py_server_address():
    return "http://127.0.0.1:8000"

This fixture starts and shuts down the web2py server.

Execute this fixture once per session.

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def web2py_server(runestone_name, web2py_server_address, pytestconfig):
    password = "pass"

    os.environ["WEB2PY_CONFIG"] = "test"

HINT: make sure that 0.py has something like the following, that reads this environment variable:

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config = environ.get("WEB2PY_CONFIG","production")

if config == "production":
    settings.database_uri = environ["DBURL"]
elif config == "development":
    settings.database_uri = environ.get("DEV_DBURL")
elif config == "test":
    settings.database_uri = environ.get("TEST_DBURL")
else:
    raise ValueError("unknown value for WEB2PY_CONFIG")

HINT: make sure that you export TEST_DBURL in your environment; it is not set here because it’s specific to the local setup, possibly with a password, and thus can’t be committed to the repo.

    assert os.environ["TEST_DBURL"]

Extract the components of the DBURL. The expected format is postgresql://user:password@netloc/dbname, a simplified form of the connection URI.

    empty1, postgres_ql, pguser, pgpassword, pgnetloc, dbname, empty2 = re.split(
        "^postgres(ql)?://(.*):(.*)@(.*)/(.*)$", os.environ["TEST_DBURL"]
    )
    assert (not empty1) and (not empty2)
    os.environ["PGPASSWORD"] = pgpassword
    os.environ["PGUSER"] = pguser
    os.environ["DBHOST"] = pgnetloc
    rs_path = "applications/{}".format(runestone_name)

Assume we are running with working directory in tests.

    if pytestconfig.getoption("skipdbinit"):
        print("Skipping DB initialization.")
    else:

In the future, to print the output of the init/build process, see pytest #1599 for code to enable/disable output capture inside a test.

Make sure runestone_test is nice and clean – this will remove many tables that web2py will then re-create.

        xqt("rsmanage --verbose initdb --reset --force")

Copy the test book to the books directory.

        rmtree("{}/books/test_course_1".format(rs_path), ignore_errors=True)

Sometimes this fails for no good reason on Windows. Retry.

        for retry in range(100):
            try:
                copytree(
                    "{}/tests/test_course_1".format(rs_path),
                    "{}/books/test_course_1".format(rs_path),
                )
                break
            except OSError:
                if retry == 99:
                    raise

Build the test book to add in db fields needed.

        with pushd("{}/books/test_course_1".format(rs_path)):
            xqt(
                "{} -m runestone build --all".format(sys.executable),
                "{} -m runestone deploy".format(sys.executable),
            )

    xqt("{} -m coverage erase".format(sys.executable))

For debug:

  1. Uncomment the next three lines.

  2. Set WEB2PY_CONFIG to test; all the other usual Runestone environment variables must also be set.

  3. Run python -m celery --app=scheduled_builder worker --pool=gevent --concurrency=4 --loglevel=info from applications/runestone/modules to use the scheduler. I’m assuming the redis server (which the tests needs regardless of debug) is also running.

  4. Run a test (in a separate window). When the debugger stops at the lines below:

    1. Run web2py manually to see all debug messages. Use a command line like python web2py.py -a pass.

    2. After web2py is started, type “c” then enter to continue the debugger and actually run the tests.

    ##import pdb; pdb.set_trace()
    ##yield DictToObject(dict(password=password))
    ##return

Start the web2py server and the web2py scheduler.

    web2py_server = subprocess.Popen(
        [
            sys.executable,
            "-m",
            "coverage",
            "run",
            "--append",
            "--source=" + COVER_DIRS,
            "web2py.py",
            "-a",
            password,
            "--no_gui",
            "--minthreads=10",
            "--maxthreads=20",
        ],
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,

Produce text (not binary) output for nice output in echo() below.

        universal_newlines=True,
    )

Wait for the webserver to come up.

    for tries in range(50):
        try:
            urlopen(web2py_server_address, timeout=5)
        except URLError:

Wait for the server to come up.

            time.sleep(0.1)
        else:

The server is up. We’re done.

            break

Run Celery. Per https://github.com/celery/celery/issues/3422, it sounds like celery doesn’t support coverage, so omit it.

    celery_process = subprocess.Popen(
        [
            sys.executable,
            "-m",
            "celery",
            "--app=scheduled_builder",
            "worker",
            "--pool=gevent",
            "--concurrency=4",
            "--loglevel=info",
        ],

Celery must be run in the modules directory, where the worker is defined.

        cwd="{}/modules".format(rs_path),
        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,

Produce text (not binary) output for nice output in echo() below.

        universal_newlines=True,
    )

Start a thread to read web2py output and echo it.

    def echo(popen_obj, description_str):
        stdout, stderr = popen_obj.communicate()
        print("\n" "{} stdout\n" "--------------------\n".format(description_str))
        print(stdout)
        print("\n" "{} stderr\n" "--------------------\n".format(description_str))
        print(stderr)

    echo_threads = [
        Thread(target=echo, args=(web2py_server, "web2py server")),
        Thread(target=echo, args=(celery_process, "celery process")),
    ]

TODO: Redis for Windows.

    for echo_thread in echo_threads:
        echo_thread.start()

Save the password used.

    web2py_server.password = password

Wait for the server to come up. The delay varies; this is a guess.

After this comes the teardown code.

    yield web2py_server

Terminate the server and schedulers to give web2py time to shut down gracefully.

    web2py_server.terminate()
    celery_process.terminate()
    for echo_thread in echo_threads:
        echo_thread.join()

The name of the Runestone controller. It must be module scoped to allow the web2py_server to use it.

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def runestone_name():
    return "runestone"

The environment of a web2py controller.

@pytest.fixture
def runestone_env(runestone_name):
    env = web2py_controller_env(runestone_name)
    yield env

Close the database connection after the test completes.

    env["db"].close()

Create fixture providing a web2py controller environment for a Runestone application.

@pytest.fixture
def runestone_controller(runestone_env):
    return DictToObject(runestone_env)

Database

This fixture provides access to a clean instance of the Runestone database.

Provide acess the the Runestone database through a fixture. After a test runs, restore the database to its initial state.

@pytest.fixture
def runestone_db(runestone_controller):
    db = runestone_controller.db
    yield db

Restore the database state after the test finishes

    ##------------------------------------------------------

Rollback changes, which ensures that any errors in the database connection will be cleared.

    db.rollback()

This list was generated by running the following query, taken from https://dba.stackexchange.com/a/173117. Note that the query excludes specific tables, which the runestone build populates and which should not be modified otherwise. One method to identify these tables which should not be truncated is to run pg_dump --data-only $TEST_DBURL > out.sql on a clean database, then inspect the output to see which tables have data. It also excludes all the scheduler tables, since truncating these tables makes the process take a lot longer.

The query is:

    ## SELECT input_table_name || ',' AS truncate_query FROM(SELECT table_schema || '.' || table_name AS input_table_name FROM information_schema.tables WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema') AND table_name NOT IN ('questions', 'source_code', 'chapters', 'sub_chapters', 'scheduler_run', 'scheduler_task', 'scheduler_task_deps', 'scheduler_worker') AND table_schema NOT LIKE 'pg_toast%') AS information order by input_table_name;
    db.executesql(
        """TRUNCATE
  public.assignment_questions,
 public.assignments,
 public.auth_cas,
 public.auth_event,
 public.auth_group,
 public.auth_membership,
 public.auth_permission,
 public.auth_user,
 public.clickablearea_answers,
 public.code,
 public.codelens_answers,
 public.course_attributes,
 public.course_instructor,
 public.course_practice,
 public.courses,
 public.dragndrop_answers,
 public.fitb_answers,
 public.grades,
 public.lp_answers,
 public.invoice_request,
 public.lti_keys,
 public.mchoice_answers,
 public.parsons_answers,
 public.payments,
 public.practice_grades,
 public.question_grades,
 public.question_tags,
 public.shortanswer_answers,
 public.sub_chapter_taught,
 public.tags,
 public.timed_exam,
 public.useinfo,
 public.user_biography,
 public.user_chapter_progress,
 public.user_courses,
 public.user_state,
 public.user_sub_chapter_progress,
 public.user_topic_practice,
 public.user_topic_practice_completion,
 public.user_topic_practice_feedback,
 public.user_topic_practice_log,
 public.user_topic_practice_survey,
 public.web2py_session_runestone CASCADE;
 """
    )
    db.commit()

Provide a class for manipulating the Runestone database.

class _RunestoneDbTools(object):
    def __init__(self, runestone_db):
        self.db = runestone_db

Create a new course. It returns an object with information about the created course.

    def create_course(
        self,

The name of the course to create, as a string.

        course_name="test_child_course_1",

The start date of the course, as a string.

        term_start_date="2000-01-01",

The value of the login_required flag for the course.

        login_required=True,

The base course for this course. If None, it will use course_name.

        base_course="test_course_1",

The student price for this course.

        student_price=None,
    ):

Sanity check: this class shouldn’t exist.

        db = self.db
        assert not db(db.courses.course_name == course_name).select().first()

Create the base course if it doesn’t exist.

        if course_name != base_course and not db(
            db.courses.course_name == base_course
        ).select(db.courses.id):
            self.create_course(
                base_course, term_start_date, login_required, base_course, student_price
            )

Store these values in an object for convenient access.

        obj = _object()
        obj.course_name = course_name
        obj.term_start_date = term_start_date
        obj.login_required = login_required
        obj.base_course = base_course
        obj.student_price = student_price
        obj.course_id = db.courses.insert(
            course_name=course_name,
            base_course=obj.base_course,
            term_start_date=term_start_date,
            login_required=login_required,
            student_price=student_price,
        )
        db.commit()
        return obj

    def make_instructor(
        self,

The ID of the user to make an instructor.

        user_id,

The ID of the course in which the user will be an instructor.

        course_id,
    ):

        db = self.db
        course_instructor_id = db.course_instructor.insert(
            course=course_id, instructor=user_id
        )
        db.commit()
        return course_instructor_id

Present _RunestoneDbTools as a fixture.

@pytest.fixture
def runestone_db_tools(runestone_db):
    return _RunestoneDbTools(runestone_db)

HTTP client

Provide access to Runestone through HTTP.

Given the test_client.text, prepare to write it to a file.

def _html_prep(text_str):
    return text_str.replace("\r\n", "\n").encode("utf-8")

Create a client for accessing the Runestone server.

class _TestClient(WebClient):
    def __init__(
        self,
        web2py_server,
        web2py_server_address,
        runestone_name,
        tmp_path,
        pytestconfig,
    ):
        self.web2py_server = web2py_server
        self.web2py_server_address = web2py_server_address
        self.tmp_path = tmp_path
        self.pytestconfig = pytestconfig
        super(_TestClient, self).__init__(
            "{}/{}/".format(self.web2py_server_address, runestone_name), postbacks=True
        )

Use the W3C validator to check the HTML at the given URL.

    def validate(
        self,

The relative URL to validate.

        url,

An optional string that, if provided, must be in the text returned by the server. If this is a sequence of strings, all of the provided strings must be in the text returned by the server.

        expected_string="",

The number of validation errors expected. If None, no validation is performed.

        expected_errors=None,

The expected status code from the request.

        expected_status=200,

All additional keyword arguments are passed to the post method.

        **kwargs,
    ):

        try:
            try:
                self.post(url, **kwargs)
            except HTTPError as e:

If this was the expected result, return.

                if e.code == expected_status:

Since this is an error of some type, these paramets must be empty, since they can’t be checked.

                    assert not expected_string
                    assert not expected_errors
                    return ""
                else:
                    raise
            assert self.status == expected_status
            if expected_string:
                if isinstance(expected_string, str):
                    assert expected_string in self.text
                else:

Assume expected_string is a sequence of strings.

                    assert all(string in self.text for string in expected_string)

            if expected_errors is not None and not self.pytestconfig.getoption(
                "skip_w3_validate"
            ):

Redo this section using html5validate command line

                vld = Validator(errors_only=True, stack_size=2048)
                tmpname = self.tmp_path / "tmphtml.html"
                with open(tmpname, "w", encoding="utf8") as f:
                    f.write(self.text)
                errors = vld.validate([str(tmpname)])

                assert errors <= expected_errors

            return self.text

        except AssertionError:

Save the HTML to make fixing the errors easier. Note that self.text is already encoded as utf-8.

            validation_file = url.replace("/", "-") + ".html"
            with open(validation_file, "wb") as f:
                f.write(_html_prep(self.text))
            print("Validation failure saved to {}.".format(validation_file))
            raise

        except RuntimeError as e:

Provide special handling for web2py exceptions by saving the resulting traceback.

            if e.args[0].startswith("ticket "):

Create a client to access the admin interface.

                admin_client = WebClient(
                    "{}/admin/".format(self.web2py_server_address), postbacks=True
                )

Log in.

                admin_client.post("", data={"password": self.web2py_server.password})
                assert admin_client.status == 200

Get the error.

                error_code = e.args[0][len("ticket ") :]
                admin_client.get("default/ticket/" + error_code)
                assert admin_client.status == 200

Save it to a file.

                traceback_file = (
                    "".join(c if c not in r"\/:*?<>|" else "_" for c in url)
                    + "_traceback.html"
                )
                with open(traceback_file, "wb") as f:
                    f.write(_html_prep(admin_client.text))
                print("Traceback saved to {}.".format(traceback_file))
            raise

    def logout(self):
        self.validate("default/user/logout", "Logged out")

Always logout after a test finishes.

    def tearDown(self):
        self.logout()

Present _TestClient as a fixure.

@pytest.fixture
def test_client(
    web2py_server, web2py_server_address, runestone_name, tmp_path, pytestconfig
):
    tc = _TestClient(
        web2py_server, web2py_server_address, runestone_name, tmp_path, pytestconfig
    )
    yield tc
    tc.tearDown()

User

Provide a method to create a user and perform common user operations.

class _TestUser(object):
    def __init__(
        self,

These are fixtures.

        test_client,
        runestone_db_tools,

The username for this user.

        username,

The password for this user.

        password,

The course object returned by create_course this user will register for.

        course,

True if the course is free (no payment required); False otherwise.

        is_free=True,

The first name for this user.

        first_name="test",

The last name for this user.

        last_name="user",
    ):

        self.test_client = test_client
        self.runestone_db_tools = runestone_db_tools
        self.username = username
        self.first_name = first_name
        self.last_name = last_name
        self.email = self.username + "@foo.com"
        self.password = password
        self.course = course
        self.is_free = is_free

Registration doesn’t work unless we’re logged out.

        self.test_client.logout()

Now, post the registration.

        self.test_client.validate(
            "default/user/register",
            "Support Runestone Interactive" if self.is_free else "Payment Amount",
            data=dict(
                username=self.username,
                first_name=self.first_name,
                last_name=self.last_name,

The e-mail address must be unique.

                email=self.email,
                password=self.password,
                password_two=self.password,

Note that course_id is (on the form) actually a course name.

                course_id=self.course.course_name,
                accept_tcp="on",
                donate="0",
                _next="/runestone/default/index",
                _formname="register",
            ),
        )

Record IDs

        db = self.runestone_db_tools.db
        self.user_id = (
            db(db.auth_user.username == self.username)
            .select(db.auth_user.id)
            .first()
            .id
        )

    def login(self):
        self.test_client.validate(
            "default/user/login",
            data=dict(
                username=self.username, password=self.password, _formname="login"
            ),
        )

    def logout(self):
        self.test_client.logout()

    def make_instructor(self, course_id=None):

If course_id isn’t specified, use this user’s course_id.

        course_id = course_id or self.course.course_id
        return self.runestone_db_tools.make_instructor(self.user_id, course_id)

A context manager to update this user’s profile. If a course was added, it returns that course’s ID; otherwise, it returns None.

    def update_profile(
        self,

This parameter is passed to test_client.validate.

        expected_string=None,

An updated username, or None to use self.username.

        username=None,

An updated first name, or None to use self.first_name.

        first_name=None,

An updated last name, or None to use self.last_name.

        last_name=None,

An updated email, or None to use self.email.

        email=None,

An updated last name, or None to use self.course.course_name.

        course_name=None,

A shortcut for specifying the expected_string, which only applies if expected_string is not set. Use None if a course will not be added, True if the added course is free, or False if the added course is paid.

        is_free=None,

The value of the accept_tcp checkbox; provide an empty string to leave unchecked. The default value leaves it checked.

        accept_tcp="on",
    ):

        if expected_string is None:
            if is_free is None:
                expected_string = "Course Selection"
            else:
                expected_string = (
                    "Support Runestone Interactive" if is_free else "Payment Amount"
                )
        username = username or self.username
        first_name = first_name or self.first_name
        last_name = last_name or self.last_name
        email = email or self.email
        course_name = course_name or self.course.course_name

Perform the update.

        self.test_client.validate(
            "default/user/profile",
            expected_string,
            data=dict(
                username=username,
                first_name=first_name,
                last_name=last_name,
                email=email,

Though the field is course_id, it’s really the course name.

                course_id=course_name,
                accept_tcp=accept_tcp,
                _next="/runestone/default/index",
                id=str(self.user_id),
                _formname="auth_user/" + str(self.user_id),
            ),
        )

Call this after registering for a new course or adding a new course via update_profile to pay for the course.

    def make_payment(
        self,

The Stripe test tokens to use for payment.

        stripe_token,

The course ID of the course to pay for. None specifies self.course.course_id.

        course_id=None,
    ):

        course_id = course_id or self.course.course_id

Get the signature from the HTML of the payment page.

        self.test_client.validate("default/payment")
        match = re.search(
            '<input type="hidden" name="signature" value="([^ ]*)" />',
            self.test_client.text,
        )
        signature = match.group(1)

        html = self.test_client.validate(
            "default/payment", data=dict(stripeToken=stripe_token, signature=signature)
        )
        assert ("Thank you for your payment" in html) or ("Payment failed" in html)

    def hsblog(self, **kwargs):

Get the time, rounded down to a second, before posting to the server.

        ts = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
        ts -= datetime.timedelta(microseconds=ts.microsecond)

        if "course" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["course"] = self.course.course_name

        if "answer" not in kwargs and "act" in kwargs:
            kwargs["answer"] = kwargs["act"]

Post to the server.

        return json.loads(self.test_client.validate("ajax/hsblog", data=kwargs))

    def coursechooser(self, course_name):
        html = self.test_client.validate("default/coursechooser/{}".format(course_name))

Make sure this didn’t send us to the user profile page to add a course we aren’t registered for.

        assert "Course IDs for open courses" not in html

    def removecourse(self, course_name):
        html = self.test_client.validate("default/removecourse/{}".format(course_name))
        assert "Sorry, you cannot remove" not in html
        assert "Course Selection" in html

Present _TestUser as a fixture.

@pytest.fixture
def test_user(test_client, runestone_db_tools):
    return lambda *args, **kwargs: _TestUser(
        test_client, runestone_db_tools, *args, **kwargs
    )

Provide easy access to a test user and course.

@pytest.fixture
def test_user_1(runestone_db_tools, test_user):
    course = runestone_db_tools.create_course()
    return test_user("test_user_1", "password_1", course)

Assigmment

class _TestAssignment(object):
    assignment_count = 0

    def __init__(
        self,
        test_client,
        test_user,
        runestone_db_tools,
        aname,
        course,
        is_visible=False,
    ):
        self.test_client = test_client
        self.runestone_db_tools = runestone_db_tools
        self.assignment_name = aname
        self.course = course
        self.description = "default description"
        self.is_visible = is_visible
        self.due = datetime.datetime.utcnow() + datetime.timedelta(days=7)
        self.assignment_instructor = test_user(
            "assign_instructor_{}".format(_TestAssignment.assignment_count),
            "password",
            course,
        )
        self.assignment_instructor.make_instructor()
        self.assignment_instructor.login()
        self.assignment_id = json.loads(
            self.test_client.validate(
                "admin/createAssignment", data={"name": self.assignment_name}
            )
        )[self.assignment_name]
        assert self.assignment_id
        _TestAssignment.assignment_count += 1

    def addq_to_assignment(self, **kwargs):
        if "points" not in kwargs:
            kwargs["points"] = 1
        kwargs["assignment"] = self.assignment_id
        res = self.test_client.validate(
            "admin/add__or_update_assignment_question", data=kwargs
        )
        res = json.loads(res)
        assert res["status"] == "success"

    def autograde(self, sid=None):
        print("autograding", self.assignment_name)
        vars = dict(assignment=self.assignment_name)
        if sid:
            vars["sid"] = sid
        res = json.loads(self.test_client.validate("assignments/autograde", data=vars))
        assert res["message"].startswith("autograded")
        return res

    def questions(self):

Return a list of all (id, name) values for each question in an assignment

 
        db = self.runestone_db_tools.db
        a_q_rows = db(
            (db.assignment_questions.assignment_id == self.assignment_id)
            & (db.assignment_questions.question_id == db.questions.id)
        ).select(orderby=db.assignment_questions.sorting_priority)
        res = []
        for row in a_q_rows:
            res.append(tuple([row.questions.id, row.questions.name]))

        return res

    def calculate_totals(self):
        assert json.loads(
            self.test_client.validate(
                "assignments/calculate_totals",
                data=dict(assignment=self.assignment_name),
            )
        )["success"]

    def make_visible(self):
        self.is_visible = True
        self.save_assignment()

    def set_duedate(self, newdeadline):

the newdeadline should be a datetime object

        self.due = newdeadline
        self.save_assignment()

    def save_assignment(self):
        assert (
            json.loads(
                self.test_client.validate(
                    "admin/save_assignment",
                    data=dict(
                        assignment_id=self.assignment_id,
                        visible="T" if self.is_visible else "F",
                        description=self.description,
                        due=str(self.due),
                    ),
                )
            )["status"]
            == "success"
        )

    def release_grades(self):
        self.test_client.post(
            "admin/releasegrades",
            data=dict(assignmentid=self.assignment_id, released="yes"),
        )
        assert self.test_client.text == "Success"


@pytest.fixture
def test_assignment(test_client, test_user, runestone_db_tools):
    return lambda *args, **kwargs: _TestAssignment(
        test_client, test_user, runestone_db_tools, *args, **kwargs
    )

Selenium

Provide access to Runestone through a web browser using Selenium. There’s a lot of shared code between these tests and the Runestone Component tests using Selenium; see shared_conftest.py for details.

Create an instance of Selenium once per testing session.

@pytest.fixture(scope="session")
def selenium_driver_session():

Start a virtual display for Linux.

    is_linux = sys.platform.startswith("linux")
    if is_linux:
        display = Display(visible=0, size=(1280, 1024))
        display.start()
    else:
        display = None

Start up the Selenium driver.

    options = Options()
    options.add_argument("--window-size=1200,800")

When run as root, Chrome complains Running as root without --no-sandbox is not supported. See https://crbug.com/638180. Here’s a crude check for being root.

    if is_linux and os.geteuid() == 0:
        options.add_argument("--no-sandbox")

selenium_logging: Ask Chrome to save the logs from the JavaScript console. Copied from SO.

    caps = webdriver.DesiredCapabilities.CHROME.copy()
    caps["goog:loggingPrefs"] = {"browser": "ALL"}
    driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options, desired_capabilities=caps)

    yield driver

Shut everything down.

    driver.close()
    driver.quit()
    if display:
        display.stop()

Provide additional server methods for Selenium.

class _SeleniumServerUtils(_SeleniumUtils):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        self.user = None

    def login(
        self,

A _TestUser instance.

        test_user,
    ):

        self.get("default/user/login")
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("auth_user_username").send_keys(
            test_user.username
        )
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("auth_user_password").send_keys(
            test_user.password
        )
        self.driver.find_element_by_id("login_button").click()
        self.user = test_user

    def logout(self):
        self.get("default/user/logout")

For some strange reason, the server occasionally doesn’t put the “Logged out” message on a logout. ???

        try:
            self.wait.until(
                EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(
                    (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.flash"), "Logged out"
                )
            )
        except TimeoutException:

Assume that visiting the logout URL then waiting for a timeout will ensure the logout worked, even if the message can’t be found.

            pass
        self.user = None

    def get_book_url(self, url):
        return self.get(f"books/published/test_course_1/{url}")

Present _SeleniumServerUtils as a fixture.

@pytest.fixture
def selenium_utils(
    selenium_driver, web2py_server_address, runestone_name  # noqa: F811
):
    return _SeleniumServerUtils(
        selenium_driver, f"{web2py_server_address}/{runestone_name}"
    )

A fixture to login to the test_user_1 account using Selenium before testing, then logout when the tests complete.

@pytest.fixture
def selenium_utils_user(selenium_utils, test_user_1):
    selenium_utils.login(test_user_1)
    yield selenium_utils
    selenium_utils.logout()